Cerebellar Model Arithmetic Computer - A neural computing model based on observations made of the functional structure of the biological 
cerebellum.
The 
CMAC was developed and introduced by 
James Albus in his book: 
Brains Behavior & Robotics. It is based on work by 
David Marr which produced detailed observational knowledge of the functional structures within the cerebellum.
In his book, Albus constructed a CMAC and connected it to a robot arm, which was then trained to perform various motions. In his earlier papers, Albus was concerned, primarily, with robotics.
In that work, he referred to a very similar model as 
The Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller
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