BTX - A neurotoxin useful in the study of neurons at the cellular and molecular level. BTX works by binding voltage-gated sodium channels to open activate them (i.e., to cause them to greatly favor the open state).

Batrachotoxin is found in high concentrations in some American frogs, such as the dart frog. It is believed to have its origin within beetles which are ingested by the frogs. Interestingly, the frogs seem to have adapted neurons with voltage-gated sodium channels that are not affected by the toxin. This allows them to eat the beetles as part of their diets.

Molecular makeup: C31 H42 N2 O6
Registry number: 23509-16-2