Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - A German philosopher, logician, and  mathematician, who did much to move the study of logic forward. He is the creator of calculus and its main operations (e.g., integration and differentiation). Programmers may find it notable that he also invented an early mechanical calculator.
1646 - 1716
1-July-1646 to 14-November-1716
 
Gottfried Leibniz believed that it was possible to reduce logic to an algebra, and that such an algebra could be used to resolve conflict. In this, one can see pre-echos of the work of 
George Boole, and 
Augustus De Morgan.
Gottfried Leibniz was an 
autodidact. That is, he was self taught.
. . . . . . .
Sources & Resources